This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the application and safety criteria for A2L refrigerants in HVAC‑R systems, with a strong focus on compliance with the EN 378 standard. It begins by addressing the evolving regulatory framework, including the latest F‑gas Regulation (EU) 2024/573, which introduces stricter limits on GWP values and accelerates the phase‑down of HFCs, driving the transition toward low‑GWP and mildly flammable refrigerants. The session explores the key principles of EN 378, the European standard governing safety and environmental requirements for refrigeration systems and heat pumps. It highlights how the standard aligns with major European directives and defines essential criteria for system design, installation, operation, and maintenance. Particular ...