Experience with industrial R-744 Heat Pumps in Northern Europe

Since 2015, Denmark's district heating schemes installed over 1000 MW of heat pumps, mostly air-source. R-744 Heat Pumps, gaining popularity since 2020, now surpass 170 MW in installations. This presentation highlights five case studies, discussing design, control, and the benefits of R-744 refrigerant.

Beschreibung

south_east

Speaker

south_east

Wann & Wo

calendar_today

Mi, 09.10.2024, 15:40 – 16:00

place

Halle 4A / 4A-419

Details

Format: Vortrag

Sprache: Englisch

Beschreibung

Since 2015, district heating schemes in Denmark have installed Heat Pumps with total capacities exceeding 1000 MW. The majority are based on air-source technology. Much experience has been harvested, and consequently, consultants and end-users are currently changing their specifications and evaluation models for new Heat Pump projects.

COP (Coefficient of Performance) is still important, but several other factors are equally important. The key word is FLEXIBILITY regarding temperatures and fast start and stop capabilities. Additionally, efficient and functional defrost algorithms, along with robustness, are crucial. Until 2020, most Heat Pump installations used R-717 as the refrigerant, but since then, R-744 Heat Pumps have gained significant market shares, with capacities up to 15 MW per installation. The energy crisis in 2022 has accelerated the electrification of heat for district heating schemes, giving the industry new incentives in this direction.

Fenagy’s reference list of R-744 MW-size Heat Pumps is growing rapidly. The presentation is based on 60 installations with heat capacities ranging from 300 kW to more than 13 MW per installation, and the accumulated installed base now exceeds 170 MW.

This presentation will begin with five different case studies, showcasing the experiences and learnings from these interesting applications for district heating and industrial use of heat pumps. Considerations on design, controls, and operation will be discussed. Conclusions on technical as well as economic aspects will be presented. The success of R-744 as a refrigerant over other refrigerants in Heat Pumps will be explained, with measurements and theoretical data presented.
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