The war in Ukraine has exposed the dependence of Europe on fossil fuels and created a new impetus to decarbonise the heating sector. Space heating and hot water heating represent roughly half of Europe’s final energy demand, with over 60 % coming from fossil fuels. The momentum for clean heat technologies has come, unleashing new opportunities for the District Heating (DH) sector. District Heating currently meets about 12 % of final energy use for space and water heating for households, service and industry sectors. The Heat Roadmap Europe project highlighted the significant potential of District Heating to cut imported fossil fuels by using renewable energy and waste heat sources: the sector could grow to meet 50 % of demands for space and water heating from the service and resident ...