For decades in the past there was no need for the industry to deliver very efficient commercial refrigerators and freezers. End customers did not ask for that, so at that time the most important argument was a low first cost.

Beginning with the discovery of the ozone layer depletion and the replacement of FKWs by HFKWs the environmental aspect came more into focus. The HFKWs with an ODP of zero still have a very high GWP value and they will be replaced more and more by natural refrigerants, namely HCs in commercial refrigerators and freezers.

When using HCs, the energy consumption is the ...